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Objective:To develop the intelligent management system for diabetes medication knowledge base with the help of community hospital information platform.Methods:Based on the China Type 2 Diabetes Prevention Guide (2013 edition),National Essential Drugs (2012 edition) and the relevant package inserts,the knowledge base of diabetes medication was established.Results:The information platform could make interception beforehand,warning in the process of medication and provide attentions for physicians after treatment to determine rational medication.Conclusion:The intelligent management system for diabetes medication knowledge base can promote physicians to firmly grasp the principles of drug treatment,simplify treatment regimen,select effective drugs with reasonable prices and provide individualized treatment.
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We optimized the randomly combined specimens of limb bones into paired specimens of limb bones and used optimized (paired) specimens in systemic anatomy experimental teaching to strengthen the practical ability of medical students.Results showed that the teaching effect was better by using optimized (paired) specimens than by using randomly combined specimens.Applying optimized (paired) specimens was conducive to training students' practical ability and increasing the using efficiency of specimens.
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BACKGROUND: Transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in the rat spinal cord can relieve inflammatory reaction, promote spinal cord regeneration, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)expression and movements recovery following transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in rat spinal cord. METHODS: The sciatic nerves taken out from rabbits wore digested with mixed enzyme and were made into Schwann cells suspension. Then we used air-jet method to make Schwann cells microcapsule. Using the same method, empty microcapsule was made. Sprague Dawiey rats were randomly divided into cell group, empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group. Conducted by hemisection injury of spinal cord,the rats in cell group,empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group were implanted with gelatin sponge with 10μL Schwann cells suspension, gelatin sponge with 10 μL empty microcapsule and 10 μL microencapsulated Schwann cells. Normal group was left intact. After operation, we observed hindlimb movements recovery in rats with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Meanwhile,a set of sections were stained immunohistochemically for bFGF expression, another set of sections wore stained for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After spinal cord injury, rat right hindlimb affected paralysis immediately. At 7, 14 and 28 daysfollowing transplantation,motor function in rat hindlimb was significantly recovered, and the BBB scores were significantly higher in microencapsulated schwenn cells than in cell and empty microcapsule group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). bFGF positive products were mainly distributed in cytoplasm of the spinal neuron and nucleus of neuroglical cell. The numbers of bFGF positive glial cells mainly appeared surrounding the spinal cord injured site on days 1, 3, 7 and rose to its peak on day 3 and began to appear in neuronal calls on day 14. The number of bFGF positiv cells in microcapsule group was significantly superior to that in cell group and empty microcapsule group. From then on, the bFGF expreSsion was significantly decreased in each group. These indicated that transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells can inhibit the immunological rejection after xenotransplantation, suppress inflammatory reaction, improve the expression of bFGF, increase hindlimb movements recovery and spinal cord regeneration after spinal cord injury.
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OBJECTIVE:An LC-MS method was developed for the determination of thioctic acid in human plasma.MET-HODS:The chromatographic separation was carried out on Zorbax SB C18 column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-acetonitrile-0.1% glacial acetic acid(adjusted pH to 4.0 with ammonia)(55∶10∶35) at a flow rate of 0.3mL?min-1.Naproxen was used as internal standard.Column temperature was 40℃.SIM was used for determination of thioctic acid in human plasma.Ion mass spectral(m/z) of 205.0 was selected for thioctic acid and 229.3 for naproxen.RESULTS:The linear range of thioctic acid was 0.01～10?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9).The method recovery was within 97.61%～106.31%.The intra-day and inter-day RSD of thioctic acid(high,medium and low concentrations) were all less than 4%.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate and reproducible,and suitable for the determination of thioctic acid in human plasma and its pharmacokinetic and bioavailability study.
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Strengthening practical teaching in medical education is a very important approach of reforming medical education to upgrade the educational quality for production of medical professionals with appropriately practical competences.The author summarized the ways and means for enhancement of the practical medical teaching and analyzed the experiences and impact factors of the practical teaching,from the point of view on the needs of the health work in urban and rural communities.
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The employment of university graduates is currently essential to the social stability and people’s livelihood. There are great needs of university graduates and professionals who are capable of staying and working at rural communities and make services and achievements for the new rural development. It is a problem to be concerned by the government and university encouraging medical graduates to serve the rural people. The paper made some considerations and analyses on the government policy and career-making mechanism to lead medical graduates to the rural communities.
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OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on ischemia damage to nerve tissue and discuss the possibility of GDNF in repair of spinal cord injury based on the development of microencapsulation technology.DATA SOURCES: A search of Medline from January 1996 to October 2000 was performed for the English articles related to GDNF, ischemia damage to nerve tissue, spinal cord injury and microencapsulation technology by using the key words "glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, ischemia damage to nerve tissue, spinal cord injury". Meanwhile, we retrieved Wangfang database for search of the related articles in Chinese by using the same keywords in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Articles including intervention group and control group were selected after first review, and those which were significantly non-randomized researches were excluded. Then, the full-texts of the enrolled articles were retrieved. Inclusion criteria: ①randomized controlled study; ②the experiment/clinical research including horizontal control group. Exclusion criteria: duplicated researches.DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 300 articles were selected but only 15 were in coincidence with conclusion criteria. 285 articles were excluded, 264 of them were duplicated and non-randomized researches, and 21 were review articles.DATA SYNTHESIS: GDNF can provide nutrition to dopamine nerve cell in rat's middle brain, so as to decrease dopamine nerve cell's death. Also GDNF can protect dopamine nerve cell in cerebral infarction rats from ischemic injury, inhibit the produce of nitrogen monoxide and reperfusion injury after ischemia. GDNF is an effective protective factor against ischemia damage. Microencapsulation technology has a bright future in treating endocrinopathic neural diseases, and GDNF can play a great role in the development of microencapsulation technology.CONCLUSION: GDNF is a protective factor against ischemia damage to nerve tissue, which can be enhanced by microencapsulation technology.There is a bright future for the research on GDNF in the clinical repair of spinal cord injury.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the manifestations and characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR) induced by Traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:85 ADR reports collected from the spontaneous reporting system in our hospital from 2005 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:ADR almost involved all the body system and 31.63% were nervous system.Main dosage form inducing ADR was injection (51.76%).CONCLUSION:ADR induced by Traditional Chinese Medicine can not be disregarded.Clinical pharmacists should pay more attention to the drug therapy by intravenous administration to reduce the incidence of ADR.
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The paper reviews introduction of standardized patient (SP) technique to Chinese medical education and its uses and experiences of applying multiple station examination of clinical skills (MSECS) at Jiujiang Medical College (now Jiujiang University Medical College). Authors state that SP's role-play of patient, instructor and evaluator is essential for the teaching and evaluation of clinical skills. The paper analyzes and describes phases of the SP technique development in China and its use in Clinical Diagnosis course and MSECS on graduation, as well as the establishment of Clinical Skills Laboratory (CSL) and its uses in MSECS. Contents and results of the MSECS are reported.
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Objective:To study the effect of Eupolyphaga Sinensis Walker (ESW) on red blood cell immune adherence (RCIA) in mice model with blood-deficiency by Cyclophosphamide , aimingatfurther research on the mechanism of blood stasis syndrome and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.Methods:This model was made in mice by i.p. cyclophosphamide (0.01 g/kg).It has been observed that how the influence of ESW on the function of red cell immune adherence. The serum anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA),ACA-IgG?ACA-IgA and ACA-IgM levels were measured by using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mice body weight were weighted before model and after model and glandular weight were weighted. The serum levels of trace element zinc calcium were determined in healthy mice.Results:The results showed there is a decline in garland rate of red blood cell C3b receptors (RBC-C3bRR) in mice when animal model of Blood - deficiency by cyclophosphamide (0.01 g/kg) form, the serum ACA-IgG and ACA-IgA levels were markedly elevated,while mice body weight and spleen thymus weight markedly depressed. ESW (25 g/kg) increased RBC-C3bRR in the mice model with Blood-deficiency,restified the mice model body weight loss by cyclophosphamide, increased spleen thymus weight .ESW (25 g/kg) increased serum zinc calcium level in the normal mice.Conclusion:ESW increases activity of CR 1 of red blood cells and RCIA, inhibits serum ACA-IgG and ACA-IgA.ESW enhances serum zinc calcium level, that can be a good biological pharmacodynamics.
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The roles of shear rate, shear time, red blood cell (RBC) concentration and RBC rigidity in the spontaneous platelet aggregation of whole blood at uniform flow field were studied. A new rigid RBC model was established by heating and assessed by studies of hemorheology, RBC electrophoresis, and RBC aggregation. In uniform flow field formed with cone-plate viscometer, both of the effect of shear rate and shear time on the spontaneous platelet aggregation rate (SPAR) were appeared in the bidirectional patterns. At low shear rate, SPAR increased with the prolongation of shear time, but at hight shear rate the time prolongation decreaed SPAR. Similiarly, SPAR was positively related to the shear rate at early shearing, with the increasing of shear time, the relationship of SPAR with shear rate changed from positive to negtive. When the shear rate at 46 s~(-1) or the shear time at 20 minutes, SPAR was unaffected by shear time or shear rate, respectively. With increase of RBC concentration, SPAR increased correspondingly (r=0.8235, P